Profiles in Toxic Masculinity X – Jeff Cooper

by | Apr 20, 2020 | Books, Guns, History, In Memoriam, Outdoors, Second Amendment | 279 comments

Profiles in Toxic Masculinity, Part 10

Blessed be those who, in the face of death, think only about the front sight.

Appearances Can Be Deceiving

See the fellow to the right?  Looks like a staid, uninteresting Father Knows Best type, doesn’t he?  An accounting clerk, or the owner of a hardware store, perhaps?  That assessment couldn’t be further from the mark.  This solid, steady-looking gentleman is in fact USMC Lieutenant Colonel John Dean “Jeff” Cooper:  Big-game hunter, writer, combat Marine, guntwist, shooting instructor, horseman, perhaps history’s staunchest proponent of the Colt/Browning 1911 and the .45ACP cartridge, and the subject of this installment of Profiles in Toxic Masculinity.

Note:  The italicized text in this installment represent quotes from the man himself, of which pithy bits of wisdom Colonel Cooper left a surfeit.

One bleeding-heart type asked me in a recent interview if I did not agree that ‘violence begets violence.’  I told him that it is my earnest endeavor to see that it does.  I would like very much to ensure – and in some cases I have – that any man who offers violence to his fellow citizen begets a whole lot more in return than he can enjoy.

His Maculate Origin

Lieutenant Cooper, 1941

Cooper was born in Los Angeles on May 10, 1920, to a well-off family who had a summer home on Catalina Island, where the young Cooper ran free and developed a liking for the outdoors that would stay with him for the rest of his life.  There he acquired his first rifle, a Remington .22 rimfire that he kept for the rest of his life.

While in later years he was bitterly critical of the city of his birth, in his youth he attended Los Angeles High School, where he was enrolled in the Junior ROTC program, motivated in part by the fact that they gave free .22LR ammo to members of the rifle team.  He went from there to Stanford University, where he picked up a degree in political science, and along the way was commissioned in the United States Marine Corps as a Second Lieutenant in September 1941.

One might note the significance of that date.  Young Lieutenant Cooper attending Basic School when war broke out, and was assigned to the battleship Pennsylvania, which spent most of the war doing shore bombardment duty.  In 1942 he married his wife Janelle, to whom he stayed married until his death in 2006, a marriage of 64 years.

After the war, he began a lifelong career in teaching as a staff instructor at the Marine Corps Command and Staff School at Quantico.

He resigned his commission and left the Corps in 1949 but returned in 1950 at the outbreak of the Korean conflict, in which he specialized in “clandestine operations,” the nature of which remains somewhat vague.

The consensus is that no more than five or ten people in a hundred who die by gunfire in Los Angeles are any loss to society.  These people fight small wars among themselves.  It would seem a valid social service to keep them well-supplied with ammunition.

His Adventurous Career

After leaving the Marine Corps for the second time, Colonel Cooper took his family to Big Bear Lake in southern California.  That town had an annual shindig known as “Miner’s Days,” one attraction of which was the one Cooper organized, a “Leatherslap” fast-draw pistol competition.  In those days typical quick-draw events used blanks and were only intended to show how fast the gunsel could draw and slap the trigger, but Colonel Cooper had other ideas.  He insisted on live ammo and paper silhouette targets at the range of 7 yards, asserting that the purpose of shooting was, after all, to hit a target.

The Leatherslap event became a hit, moving from an annual to a monthly event.  At first, single- and double-action revolvers dominated the competition; only Cooper and another worthy named Hugh Carpenter favoring autoloaders, in both cases the 1911 Colt .45.  One year a deputy sheriff named Jack Weaver shocked the competitors by winning decisively shooting with his gun held in both hands instead of one, which event may have changed handgunning for keeps.

In those days most handgun shooting, informal and formal, was a one-handed affair.  There were exceptions; in his book Sixguns there is a photo of a young Elmer Keith employing a two-handed stance while shooting a .44 caliber revolver.  But Jack Weaver developed and perfected a stance that came to be named after him:  The weak-side foot advanced slightly, narrowing the shooter’s profile to the target; the supporting arm elbow slightly bent, firing arm fully extended.

Colonel Cooper took the Weaver stance and incorporated it into what came to be known as the Modern Technique.  Police departments and military organizations from Canada to Brazil sought him out to provide instruction, to the point at which Cooper was rarely home with his family.  So, in 1975, he bought a 200-acre chunk of land near Prescott, Arizona, and opened the American Pistol Institute, which later evolved into the famed Gunsite Academy, a school for small arms of all sorts.  At Gunsite Cooper taught not only marksmanship but discipline, and hard rules for shooting and surviving possibly lethal encounters.  Early on he formulated his color code for personal situational awareness:

  • In White you are unprepared and unready to take lethal action. If you are attacked in White, you will probably die unless your adversary is totally inept.
  • In Yellow you bring yourself to the understanding that your life may be in danger and that you may have to do something about it.
  • In Orange you have determined upon a specific adversary and are prepared to take action which may result in his death, but you are not in a lethal mode.
  • In Red you are in a lethal mode and will shoot if circumstances warrant.

He also advocated four rules of gun safety which are ubiquitous today, although these rules were almost certainly not his invention; my own father drilled into me the exact same rules beginning in the late Sixties, and always said he learned them in the Army:

  • All guns are always loaded. Even if they are not, treat them as if they are.
  • Never let the muzzle cover anything you are not willing to destroy. (For those who insist that this particular gun is unloaded, see Rule 1.)
  • Keep your finger off the trigger till your sights are on the target. This is the Golden Rule. Its violation is directly responsible for about 60 percent of inadvertent discharges.
  • Identify your target, and what is behind it. Never shoot at anything that you have not positively identified

During his time at Gunsite, Colonel Cooper came up with two major concepts in firearms, both, interestingly, in rifles:  The “Scout Rifle,” and the “Crumpler.”

Cooper’s Scout Rifle was a simple piece:  A short bolt-action, a mid-length (usually 20”) barrel, firing a military rifle cartridge, usually the .308.  These guns were fed by a detachable box magazine and had an intermediate-eye-relief scope mounted ahead of the action, backed up by a “ghost-ring” peep sight and blade front.

Steyr was the first to make a production version, but while Steyr had an excellent reputation for quality arms, the Steyr Scout rifle was expensive and ugly.  Cooper nevertheless received one of the first rifles off the line and was reportedly quite pleased.  Nowadays Ruger, Mossberg and Savage, among others, make their own versions of the Scout concept.

The other brainchild of Colonel Cooper was a heavy big-game stopper, exemplified by his own “Baby,” a Brno ZKK bolt gun chambered for the wildcat .460 G&A cartridge.  The “Crumpler” was intended to be a heavy rifle of intermediate length, easy to pack and handle but powerful enough for anything living on the planet.

But when it came to handguns, Cooper remained an aficionado of the Colt 1911 and the .45ACP.   He reportedly said “The 1911 pistol remains the service pistol of choice in the eyes of those who understand the problem. Back when we audited the FBI academy in 1947, I was told that I ought not to use my (1911) pistol in their training program because it was not fair. Maybe the first thing one should demand of his sidearm is that it be unfair.”

In those days, the FBI was using a .38 caliber revolver as a service piece; in such company the 1911 would certainly stand out.  Cooper experimented with a variety of sidearms in his life and career, and always came back to the 1911.

Don’t try to be fancy.  Shoot for the center of mass.  The world is full of decent people.  Criminals we can do without.

His One-Man War

Later in his life Cooper did enthusiastic verbal battle with proponents of gun control laws.  He coined the term hoplophobe: “a mental aberration consisting of an unreasoning terror of gadgetry, specifically, weapons.” He had a low opinion of the criminal element, routinely referring to street criminals as “goblins” and advocating for lethal response by citizens against criminal attackers.

Cooper was very active in the 2nd Amendment movement, serving as a director of the NRA in addition to his Gunsite duties.  As in all things he was tireless, vocal and blunt in his advocacy, often angering his opponents (and sometimes his allies) by his contempt for those who he viewed as too weak to face an opponent and fight rather than submit.

I am sometimes perplexed by people who refer to defensive rifles, or defensive rifle shooting.  He defensive arm is the pistol, since you have it at hand to meet situations that you do not anticipate.  If you have the luxury of anticipating a lethal encounter, you pick up a long arm, wither a rifle or a shotgun, but in that case, you go on the attack.  Thus, rifle shooting is offensive, and pistol shooting is defensive.

His Golden Years

In 1992, Colonel Cooper sold Gunsite to a former student, on the condition that he remain in charge of daily operations.  This retirement-that-wasn’t at times rankled Cooper, who was accustomed to being wholly in control, and he later came to view the sale as an error.  He didn’t let the decision weigh on him, though, and continued teaching in between hunting trips all over North America and Africa.

Jeff Cooper died in 2008, aged 86.

Colonel Cooper was a man of strong, sometimes inflexible opinion.  While many disagreed with some of his opinions, others agreed enthusiastically with his every utterance.  One might suppose this is common with such outspoken, public figures.  Colonel Cooper himself, were he around to read these words, would no doubt tell us in no uncertain terms what he thought.

Personal weapons are what raised man out of the mud, and the rifle is the queen of personal weapons.  Pick up a rifle – a really good rifle – and if you know how to use it well, you change instantly from a mouse to a man, from a peon to a caballero, and – most significantly – from a subject to a citizen.

His Works

Col Cooper was a moderately prolific author; his works include:

  • Another Country
  • C Stories
  • Fire Works
  • Shotluck
  • To Ride, Shoot Straight, and Speak the Truth
  • Yukon Journal
  • Principles of Personal Defense

Every one of his books is worth the read.

Love Col. Cooper or hate him, he was a larger-than-life figure, one of the twentieth century’s most influential advocates of personal, armed defense, a man who changed how we look at the handgun as a personal defense weapon, and a man who commanded respect from friends and foes alike.  A considerable amount of ink has been spilled praising and condemning Cooper, and it seems likely that the man himself would have not given a damn about either.  To put it in his own words:

A smart man knows he can only believe half the things he hears.  A wise man knows which half.

About The Author

Animal

Animal

Semi-notorious local political gadfly and general pain in the ass. I’m firmly convinced that the Earth and all its inhabitants were placed here for my personal amusement and entertainment, and I comport myself accordingly. Vote Animal/STEVE SMITH 2024!

279 Comments

  1. Count Potato

    “guntwist”

    gunsmith?

    • Animal

      Interchangeable with “gunslinger.”

    • tripacer

      I searched “guntwist” on DDG and the only things that come up are other Glibs Animal articles.
      Another good one Animal!

  2. leon

    DB Cooper?

  3. ron73440

    The 1911 pistol remains the service pistol of choice in the eyes of those who understand the problem. Back when we audited the FBI academy in 1947, I was told that I ought not to use my (1911) pistol in their training program because it was not fair. Maybe the first thing one should demand of his sidearm is that it be unfair.

    As a 1911 aficionado, I approve this message.

    • ron73440

      I see we are still playing the Stop and Refresh game to post.

      If this keeps up I might ask for a refund.

  4. Spudalicious

    I love your writing style, Animal.

    • Animal

      Thanks!

  5. Gojira

    I enjoy shooting 1911s, they’re just too damned big to use for CC. And since I have limited funds, I don’t have any non-CC pistols.

    On the other hand, I just just ordered a Savage Scout 110 in .308 that I am patiently waiting for to come in, so I owe Mr. Cooper a debt of gratitude for that.

    • ron73440

      That’s what Open Carry is for.

      (I know, most people hate it)

    • kinnath

      I enjoy shooting 1911s, they’re just too damned big to use for CC . . .

      Not too big for CC.

      • Drake

        They generate an electro-magnetic pulse? That’s impressive.

      • UnCivilServant

        Well, it’s only 9mm in diameter, so you don’t see the effects

      • kinnath

        I have a nice shoulder harness for road trips. The pistol is under the left arm and two extra mags under the right. I can get to both with a three-point seatbelt hooked up.

      • Gender Traitor

        Any idea how the 1911 EMP compares to the Ruger SR9 size-wise?

      • kinnath

        The EMP is nominally 1 inch wide. So single stack versus double stack on the SR9

        1911 EMP; Length 6.6″; Barrel 3″; Height 5″; Width ?; Capacity 9+1

        1911 EMP Champion (formerly EMP 4); Length 7.6″; Barrel 4″; Height 5.5″; Width ?; Capaclity 10+1

        SR9 Length 7.5″; Barrel 4.14″; Height 5.53″; Width 1.27″; Capacity 17+1

        Size wise, the EMP is smaller thatn the SR9. The EMP champion is about the same.

        I have both the EMP and EMP 4 {champion}.

      • Gender Traitor

        Thanks! I carry in a CC belly bag (as opposed to in-pants holster) whenever possible, so I opted for the SR9 over the SR9c for the extra capacity (& longer grip.) Might consider the EMP for holster carry.

      • kinnath

        The EMP is an all-metal gun. So the single-stack EMP weighes more than the double-stack SR9. So I heavier gun with lower capacity.

    • l0b0t

      I carried a Para Ordnance P12 in an inside the waistband, small of the back, holster for the better part of a decade. Gonna do it again once I leave the People’s Republic of NY.

      • dontreadonme

        Loved my Para’s. Nicely built pistols. I have chosen to stay with DA/SA for consistency which leaves them out of my holster, but they are a very nice weapon..

  6. Hyperion

    I really enjoyed the last article in this last toxic masculinity genre. Yet to read this one, but I will when I finish my work today.

    It’s like paleo anthropology. Only with real photos of the now extinct masculine variety of the homo-sapien species male. If we go to a college campus near you today and try to find a specimen with even a trace of masculinity, even a trace of testosterone, I am afraid it will be a dry run and we’ll have to go back once again to the distant past in our search.

    • UnCivilServant

      Why would you look at a college campus? There’s the flaw in your methodology.

    • Mojeaux

      I’m sure they exist but they’re lying low, doing their time, maybe working while taking classes, and getting out ASAP.

  7. Tundra

    This was a really good one, Animal!

    Mostly because now the sidearm/modern ammo battles may begin in earnest!

  8. SUPREME OVERLORD trshmnstr

    Out of all of his quotes in the article, this is the only one I balk at:

    The consensus is that no more than five or ten people in a hundred who die by gunfire in Los Angeles are any loss to society. These people fight small wars among themselves. It would seem a valid social service to keep them well-supplied with ammunition.

    Very interesting fellow. Lots of influence on modern shooting and personal defense. This article gives me great respect for him.

    That said, even the scummiest gangbanger is a person deserving of the rights that come with humanity. I’ll not celebrate their death. Killing people should be a regrettable thing, even when it is a necessary or even good thing.

    • The Hyperbole

      I think the first quote is a bit of a cheat, saying ‘violence begets violence’ is pretty much just “don’t start nothing wont be nothing” but instead of addressing whether initiating violence doesn’t cause more, cooper acts as if the ‘bleeding-heart type’ asked if violence was ever okay.

      • R C Dean

        I would say its ambiguous and often used to justify appeasement of an aggressor.

        The initiation of violence should, in my view, beget violence, which is what I think Cooper was getting at.

        An Iron Law comes to mind:

        You get more of what you reward, and less of what you punish.

      • Viking1865

        You really have to get into the times with Cooper. Back in the late 80s, early 90s it was still very much a mainstream leftwing opinion that if someone broke into your house, accosted you for your purse, or even physically assaulted you that defending yourself with lethal force was morally suspect and more dangerous than yielding. Hell, you can find actual published advice to women that resisting a rapist is a bad idea.

        Nowadays, even gun grabbers will concede that it is moral to shoot in self defense inside your home. They’ve been forced backwards and now they’re arguing against CCW in public, and against standard capacity magazines and certain types of rifles. It’s a very very different legal and political environment on armed self defense. 30-40 years you could find mainstream politicians and commenters arguing that it was immoral to shoot a burglar in your home because you were killing over property. That was the sort of respectable liberal opinion. The phrase “Would you kill someone over a television?” was the cry, and people like Cooper were instrumental in showing that wasn’t the issue.

      • RAHeinlein

        The “don’t resist” concept also extended to plane hijackers – until it didn’t.

      • SUPREME OVERLORD trshmnstr

        It was closely tied to the “noble criminal” narrative the left promulgated, especially in the 70s, to provide cover for their paramilitary terrorist organizations.

      • kbolino

        Since the man wasn’t an advocate for initiating violence it seems the question was itself misdirected at him.

    • ron73440

      At least they consulted with the government.

      That magically makes it OK and not wrong at all.

      • Chipwooder

        Kiss the ring!

    • Viking1865

      If a state government official is requesting censorship from a private company, isn’t that a 1A violation? Surely this has come up in the Supreme Court before.

      • SUPREME OVERLORD trshmnstr

        The logic of South Dakota v. Dole looms large here. Governments are able to overstep their constitutional bounds as long as they pay somebody else to do their dirty work.

      • UnCivilServant

        Well that was decided backwards. If the government pays someone to do something, that agent has to be bound by the same constitutional limitations that the government is supposed to be bound by.

      • Scruffy Nerfherder

        See almost all of the business regulatory environment…

    • leon

      Anyone who opposes what the totalitarian state wants, thinking they will git a fair shrift from Facebook, is very deluded.

      • leon

        git

        Damn you Linus Torvalds!

      • UnCivilServant

        As a word, git predates Linus.

      • UnCivilServant

        *this Linus, I realize my phrasing is unclear.

      • Bobarian LMD

        He was the 2nd best character, right behind Snoopy.

      • leon

        But if it wasn’t for him i’d never use it instead of `get`

    • Drake

      So give them the copper mine – then fuck up operations so it’s worthless – then have a communist revolution and nationalize it. I’m sure the Chinese Communist Party would understand.

    • ron73440

      Don’t read the replies unless you’re not sure if you hate people enough.

    • kbolino

      None of this is new. It’s just new in for English-speaking users. Facebook, Twitter, etc. have been much happier to practice censorship against the other languages for a while now, up to and including censoring the President of Brazil recently. This, however, has presented just the right opportunity to deploy it against people speaking English.

    • Rhywun

      This has been the strategic plan behind China’s Belt

      • Rhywun

        insert “Yup” that was swallowed by WP

    • mikey

      “African nations seeking debt deferral or forgiveness from Chinese gov are being told they have to give up strategic state assets

      Zambia may give a copper mine to the Chinese gov,”

      No one could have seen that coming, nosiree.

      • UnCivilServant

        “Now we ban the extraction of copper by foreign companies.”

      • Scruffy Nerfherder

        Appears the mine is owned by someone else.

      • UnCivilServant

        When has that stopped an African country?

    • RAHeinlein

      Why? These countries took the loans, spent the loot, and now want a freebie.

      • Brochettaward

        This.

      • invisible finger

        The US would have given them a freebie, pre-Trump.

    • Drake

      So give them the copper mine – then fuck up operations so it’s worthless – then have a communist revolution and nationalize it. I’m sure the Chinese Communist Party would understand.

      • tripacer

        I heard d’Anconia copper is a good investment

      • Mojeaux

        And have it shipped across the North Atlantic.

    • Heroic Mulatto

      Fool me once, shame on you. Fool me twice, shame on me.

      • UnCivilServant

        Does your tone change on the third and subsequent foolings?

      • Heroic Mulatto

        Has that even happened on Penn and Teller’s show?

      • Rebel Scum

        I call bullshit.

      • Heroic Mulatto

        The other Penn and Teller show.

      • robc

        I think one guy has fooled them twice.

    • Drake

      If you are stuck at home with your Dad, it’s not as bad if Dad is Jerry Miculek.

      • Not Adahn

        Would Lena.

      • Drake

        Be really really polite when you meet her family.

        Last thing you hear after pissing off dad – here we go, beeep…

      • Not Adahn

        True story: I was pasting targets when someone was messing with the timer and set it off. That is NOT a sound you want to hear when you’re downrange.

      • Tundra

        Wow. Nice collection!

        The Red Ryder was funny.

    • kbolino

      Meh. I am as gung-ho as many that we’re in a new Cold War with China, but this was a better trade for those countries than the less fungible and more restrictive “foreign aid” poisonously offered by most Anglosphere and European countries. China’s loans weren’t paternalistic, they were just straight up money in exchange for power. The West could not get over its obsession with sending food, clothes, aid workers, NGOs, and other “you poor, poor Negroes” shit, while China filled the vacuum of “deal with us like a business partner not a diseased leper”. Of course, that’s not to say China was any less imperialistic about it, they just had no need or desire to play the “foreign aid” game.

    • R C Dean

      A government seizing assets on its own territory is one thing.

      A government seizing assets in somebody else’s territory is what is commonly known as an “invasion”. I suspect the Chinese government may find it . . . problematic to seize assets in foreign countries, if those countries decline to go along.

      • Fourscore

        Hire Venezuelans to manage the mining operations

      • Brochettaward

        I suspect these African nations want to continue to do business with China and probably want more money in the future. I won’t shed any tears for China if they get screwed on their loan agreements, but that’s a two way street.

        You guys are sounding like the lefties who cried about how democracy was being infringed because the Greeks weren’t allowed to vote away their debt while putting their hands out demanding more cash.

  9. The Late P Brooks

    Next stop, UTOPIA!

    Governments could help by providing electronic collaboration training, federal aid, or tax breaks to firms that adapt to the new remote economy. Governments could also invest public money to improve internet access in low income or rural neighborhoods to ensure all their citizens have a chance to work in the new remote economy after this outbreak is over.

    The resilient economy will need more than better online tools. It needs to ensure working remotely is satisfying for employees and is a productive business model for employers. While working remotely reduces the time spent on commuting, it does not necessarily provide more time for family and personal needs. The home environment needs to separate family and work to ensure work from home does not mean no more home life at all.

    Parents will need time to take care of their children and relax, along with ways to make it easier to partition the personal from the professional. In the new remote economy, residences might need to be larger and more automated. Families will benefit from streamlined grocery delivery and a flexible workday that conforms to school hours. Done right, the move to remote work could benefit not only employers and employees, but also children, who will be able to spend more quality time with their parents.

    Even with the shift to work from home, not all jobs can be done remotely. The people who work in bars, hotels, airlines, theaters, restaurants, night clubs, shopping malls, and cruise ships cannot work from home, so many are now left without a job. A vast majority of them are unprepared for the work of the future. The down time can be used to learn basic digital skills and become familiar with electronic collaboration. Businesses could even train these workers in computer skills through massive online courses.

    No more drudgery. No more dirty hands. We’re all knowledge workers, now.

    • Rhywun

      Meh… bars, hotels, airlines, theaters, restaurants, night clubs, shopping malls, and cruise ships were overrated anyway.

    • Ted S.

      I love how the last paragraph you quote is basically saying “learn to code”.

      • invisible finger

        Step one of Learn to Code is: Learn to Think.

        So, non-starter.

    • Chipwooder

      Hooboy, not this shit again. Everything is gonna be like the Jetsons, etc etc.

      • Sean

        Sexbots & flying cars?

      • Invisible BEAM of the comment stream

        So that’s why Rosie was always dressed like a French maid!

    • R C Dean

      A vast majority of them are unprepared for the work of the future.

      Only if the future contains no bars, hotels, airlines, theaters, restaurants, night clubs, shopping malls, and cruise ships.

      • R C Dean

        Well, for the little people, anyway. The People Who Matter will always have access to such things.

  10. Gender Traitor

    ::travels back in time & plants a big ol’ smooch on Col. Cooper’s (facial) cheek::

  11. The Late P Brooks

    The pandemic should force us into the future. A global shift to the virtual workplace will buy public health and financial resilience at once. A more productive world will also be more far prepared for the next crisis that we cannot yet predict. This unimaginable tragedy should not go to waste. It should instead light the path to a more secure and prosperous world.

    Ioana Petrescu and Steve Johnson are both senior fellows at the Mossavar Rahmani Center for Business and Government at Harvard Kennedy School.

    Harvard Kennedy school, you say? No kidding. Where else could people this spectacularly stupid get a job?

    • Rhywun

      Vorwärts, Kamerad!

    • PieInTheSky

      Ioana Petrescu – sounds Romanian

      • UnCivilServant

        Q: How do you spot a Romanian accent?

        A: It makes every other sentence sound like it starts with “In Romania…”

    • R C Dean

      This unimaginable tragedy should not go to waste.

      Err, you realize that a comparable tragedy happens every single year, and occasionally we might get two comparable tragedies in a year?

      This week has already made me regret not donating to Harvard, because now I won’t have the pleasure of cutting them off.

    • Homple

      “This unimaginable tragedy should not go to waste.”

      It’s not going to waste, it’s the Democrats’ Reichstag fire. Lots of Ermächtigungsgesetzen coming our way soon.

      • invisible finger

        I was thinking more like Gleichschaltung.

      • Homple

        That, too.

  12. Rebel Scum

    most significantly – from a subject to a citizen.

    Word.

    • Tundra

      Up?

  13. Not Adahn

    It’s baffling how long it took for Modern Technique to be invented. I understand why the one-haded shooting technique needs to be maintained for legacy shooting sports, but it’s so silly in retrospect. I shot a bullseye target two handed one time just to see how much of a difference it made, and it was in the neighborood of +50 points IIRC.

    • UnCivilServant

      So what hand is going to hold the reins of your horse? A lot of pistol usage was from horseback for centuries, so it made sense to train one-handed both mounted and afoot. And that’s just the first thing that came to mind.

      You have the luxury of having both hands free.

      • Not Adahn

        If you can shoot a bow and arrow from horseback, or a carbine…

        But also, until autoloaders were invented, it was probably a whole lot safer not to use a two handed-grip if you wanted to keep your support thumb intact.

      • UnCivilServant

        Those Mongols were cheating.

      • UnCivilServant

        Snark aside, if you’re going to have both hands free, you’re going to have more options beyond the short range sidearm.

        I really don’t find it surprising that a technique of most use to dismounted shooters with both hands free with only a concealable weapon on their person is going to not be developed until that became a significant proportion of the user base.

      • Not Adahn

        There are lots of videos showing the dangers of the cylinder gap blast, but this one is from a Canadian who uses a logo of an armed beaver riding a moose.

        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jd_OnMBPWaw

      • Bobarian LMD

        The other hand held a sabre, vice the reins.

      • invisible finger

        I hate cell phones that require two hands because the screen is so damn big.

      • pistoffnick

        “You have the luxury of having both hands free.”

        ‘Cause I’ve got one hand in my pocket
        And the other one is giving a peace sign

        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CUjIY_XxF1g

      • invisible finger

        OT: Oil trading at $2 bbl.

        Peak Oil meets Peak Derp.

      • invisible finger

        F’in squirrels

      • RAHeinlein

        May Crude Contracts just went negative – CME Group says they are going to allow it.

      • Ted S.

        Isn’t that just for the contracts that expire tomorrow? (The one cogent tweet on the topic mentioned that nobody has spare storage for the oil.)

      • RAHeinlein

        Yes, May only – no spare storage and $$$ to turn-off sources so worth paying someone to take it.

      • robc

        Saw the other day that gas was selling for 12 cents per gallon in North Dakota at the last step in the supply chain (from storage to gas station).

        Gas stations weren’t buying because they had plenty so price fell to almost zero.

      • Scruffy Nerfherder

        The pumpers don’t want to cap wells because it costs money to cap them and to bring them back on.

        And the storage facilities are betting on an increase in prices in the next quarter.

        It was always going to go negative once the COVID demand destruction met the Russia/Saudi price war.

      • invisible finger

        Capital One is heavily exposed.

      • Ted S.

        What’s in their wallet?

      • UnCivilServant

        What happens to a debt if it’s the creditor who goes bankrupt?

      • ron73440

        They sell the debt to someone else?

      • invisible finger

        If this keeps up the left will be telling us to waste energy in order to save the planet.

  14. bacon-magic

    Great article! I always wanted a 1911 but anymore the edc groups make fun of it for stovepiping and limited rounds. I still want one.

    • Tundra

      My brother recently bought the SIG 1911. It’s gorgeous and shoots like a dream. Plus, when it’s empty you have a perfect blunt instrument!

      • ron73440

        Sig 1911’s are purty, I love their reverse two tone look

      • bacon-magic

        I love Sig. Had a p226 & p228.

    • ron73440

      Is stovepiping a common issue?

      The limited rounds I understand, mine holds 8+1

      My Baby Eagle .45 holds 10+1

    • Not Adahn

      Modern 1911s are as reliable as any other modern gun. And double-stacks are avaialble, though I wouldn’t want to CCW them.

      • ron73440

        Mine’s a S&W E series and it has never had a FTF or stove pipe.

        I haven’t been shooting in a couple months, I really need to go soon.

    • R C Dean

      the edc groups make fun of it for stovepiping and limited rounds

      A poorly tuned automatic will have feed problems. Also, any automatic will have rounds that it likes, and rounds that it doesn’t. 1911s are no different, as far as I know.

      As far as limited rounds go, why, that’s what double-stack magazines are for (which can admittedly be clunky for concealed carry). A 1911 gun isn’t just the classic 5″ barrel single-stack .45, you know. They come in many calibers and sizes. I don’t know how a 1911 carry gun inherently takes less rounds than one with a different design.

      • ron73440

        Anyone have experience with these?

        I’m not a CC’er, but this looks better than most CC rigs, not sure how reliable they are.

        Looks like it could get tangled real easy.

      • bacon-magic

        The typical comment is that 9mm will hold a lot more and Glock(the master race of EDC according to some) will take any round without a hiccup.

      • UnCivilServant

        No thank you. Can’t trust Glocks, they shoot a lot of cops in the foot.

      • l0b0t

        Thanks. That elicited a genuine guffaw.

      • ron73440

        Only if you’re tho only one in the room qualified to hold it.

      • Not Adahn

        The very tippy-toppest race guns are 2011s. Their failure rate is less than that of the ammo they shoot, and they have enough rounds put through them that they actually have to worry about barrel life.

      • ron73440

        Those look nice, I don’t think I could justify spending that much on a pistol.

        *Drool*

      • Viking1865

        The argument for the 1911 as a EDC gun, to me, is that they have a lot of functional accuracy benefits due to their weight, the longer sight radius, and the single action trigger. If you don’t mind carrying around a full sized steel pistol all day, and you have the muscle memory to flick the safety off on your draw, its a fine fine handgun.

        But for most people, carrying around some kind of striker fired Tactical Tupperware in 9mm is going to serve their needs better. It’s kind of the difference between a twitchy sports car and a Toyota Camry.

      • Scruffy Nerfherder

        striker fired Tactical Tupperware in 9mm

        No need to be catty.

        *pull shirt over M&P 9*

      • UnCivilServant

        Hey, it keeps bullets fresh longer.

      • Rebel Scum

        And dishwasher safe (upper rack).

      • Viking1865

        Oh I am team plastic all the way when it comes to practical carry. The 1911 is a work of art, its a more elegant weapon for a more civilized age, it’s an iconic piece of American heritage. Carrying my car analogy further, a 2020 Honda Passport goes 0-60 in 6.4 seconds, which is just a hair faster than a 1963 Corvette will do. But no one ever got a woman’s attention because they drove past her in a Honda Passport. You can’t really quantify beauty, but that doesn’t mean it’s not valuable.

      • dontreadonme

        lol. Love those guys. Also love both .45 and 9mil. Pistol and carbine. Would prefer to put the .45 above all, but for me, I can shoot 9mil faster and more accurately. So I carry 9 mil.

    • Q Continuum

      I have two Kimbers and I don’t think that either one of them has ever had a malfunction that couldn’t immediately be blamed on the ammo.

      Go for it man, 1911s are great.

  15. Gustave Lytton

    Tundra- apologies for skipping the follow up. I brew using paper filters and a ceramic filter holder (I hate the pour over term). Usually make about 2-3 slightly over half standard coffee mug sizes (~7-8oz maybe each?). Another one or two on weekends but it gets a bit more watery than the first cups.

    • Gustave Lytton

      Model is the Porlex JP-30

    • Tundra

      Thanks, man.

      I usually have 1-2 cups a day (Aeropress), so hand grinding might not be too onerous. It would be nice for travel, too.

      • Gustave Lytton

        There’s a smaller version with a rubber grip/grinder handle loop that might be better for travel. Haven’t used that one though.

      • Tundra

        Yeah, I saw that. Thanks for the feedback!

      • Gustave Lytton

        Np!

  16. ron73440

    I’ve tried to post this as a reply twice, but it disappears, so lets try to brooks it.

    I’m not a CC’er, but these look better than most CC rigs, I don’t know if they get tangled easily.

    • ron73440

      Google urbancarryholsters, I can’t get it to show up as HTML or a plain link.

    • Q Continuum

      This is what happens when we all become reliant on tools built by companies with an ideological agenda.

      • kbolino

        Facebook didn’t have an ideological agenda.

        Until it did.

        The bigger question is, why did it develop an ideological agenda?

      • invisible finger

        Because it required CalPERS and CalSTERS to fuel its growth?

      • Q Continuum

        They’re a product of their environment and Silicon Valley is the embodiment of technocratic progressivism. Just like any “society” politics is downstream of culture, and the corporate culture at all of these Big Tech companies is prog demsoc through and through. Even if the higher ups don’t like it, they have to accommodate it to a certain extent because their entire workforce is steeped in it. And as time goes on, internal promotion means that higher ups become true believers themselves.

      • kbolino

        There is a broader question then, and that is how did this happen to California? If Silicon Valley is just a product of the culture around it, when and how did the culture around it change? Yes, Berkeley has always been crazy left, but Berkeley wasn’t the whole state. Now, the rest of the state makes Berkeley seem tame.

      • Not Adahn

        why did it develop an ideological agenda?

        Because nazis seized control of the white house!

        #resist

      • Rhywun

        Follow the money.

      • Suthenboy

        I dont know how many remember this but Bill Gates used to be fairly libertarian minded….until they dragged his ass in front of congress and forced him to testify about why he was not a monopoly. In reality what they did was let him know in no uncertain terms that if was going to play he was going to play ball with them, or else.

    • Ted S.

      They have year-old EMTs?

      • Not Adahn

        Doogie Howser.

    • R C Dean

      Police have said there is no body camera footage of the shooting because the officers involved were members of the department’s Criminal Interdiction division, who do not wear body cameras.

      But of course. Why they don’t wear body cameras is, of course, none of your damn business.

      • Ted S.

        Any time the body/dashcam footage makes them think they’ll look good they fall all over themselves to release it. When they think it will make them look bad, they suddenly come up with an excuse for a malfunction or not to be wearing a camera at all.

    • UnCivilServant

      If they wanted to be classy they would have skipped the tattoo parlor.

      • Suthenboy

        Hey now! Nothing says ‘classy’ like a neck tattoo.

  17. Fourscore

    Another great read, Mr Animal. If I’m remembering correctly Jeff C had a column or articles in one of the outdoor magazines. Outdoor Life maybe. I know my eyes always perked up when I saw something he said/wrote. Thanks for reminding us.

    My Ithaca holster says US on it, got some tie downs sticking out of the bottom.

    • DEG

      I think his column was in “Guns and Ammo”.

      • Animal

        Yup. “Cooper’s Corner,” I think.

  18. Rhywun

    Tremble!

    Kentucky sees highest spike in coronavirus cases after lockdown protests

    This is the 3rd or 4th nearly identical article I’ve seen in the Post. They just plug in a different state each time.

    It’s unclear whether the protests had any impact on the surge of deaths reported Sunday in the state.

    LOL. They aren’t even hiding the BS anymore. They’re proud of it.

    • ron73440

      Brian Williams in his unbiased lead in to coverage of the protests said that “Word has been received from HQ and that word is Protest.”

      So I know they’re a bunch of Astro-turfers and if they catch it, it’s what they deserve.

      • Rhywun

        Somewhere out there are people who actually believe that a cadre of Brownshirts is prowling ICUs and unhooking patients from ventilators.

        Because otherwise I have no idea how else to interpret that 2nd quote.

    • Rebel Scum

      It’s unclear whether the protests had any impact

      Someone forgot the incubation period…

      • Scruffy Nerfherder

        I was about to say… if the protests were in the past few days, then any increase in cases had nothing to do with it. Particularly since the testing turnaround time is still usually days.

      • R C Dean

        Unless you get a rapid response test (which are in severely limited supply at this point), its a 2 – 4 day turnaround. The handful of organizations that can run tests in-house may be faster.

        And, of course, the incubation period from exposure to symptoms to the window for testing is probably 7 days at an absolute minimum, more likely ten days.

        So call it two weeks.

    • R C Dean

      It’s unclear whether crystal clear that the protests had any no impact on the surge of deaths reported Sunday in the state.

    • Suthenboy

      It’s unclear.
      Let me think what else is unclear….

  19. Suthenboy

    I like this guy but I must admit I already knew about him.

    I used to have a BRNO ZKK but mine is….was in 30-06. It was in NIB condition in a pawn shop. I snagged it for 300 bucks. To this day I can’t believe I got such a deal.

    • R C Dean

      The bayou near your house must be a navigation hazard, what with all the unfortunate boating accidents.

      • Suthenboy

        It’s terrible.

        *Actually the drainage basin goes all the way up past I-20 and covers nearly a quarter of the state. When we get heavy rains like we have for the past week or so the damned thing swells up and runs like hell with whitecaps in it. Normally the Rigolette looks calm and quiet but in high water times it can be quite treacherous. No wonder the bottom is blanketed in guns and sunken canoes.

  20. UnCivilServant

    Good news is the mousetraps still work.

    Bad news is there was a mouse caught in one.

    Other good news, it was the one on the known path in from outside.

    We’ll see if there’s sign of other mice.

    • Ted S.

      Take pictures and send them to people you don’t like.

      • UnCivilServant

        I don’t know the addresses of people I’d mail dead mice to.

        But why would I need the pictures?

    • UnCivilServant

      Not mande in America ( 🙁 ), but These guys have been the most effective anti-mouse devices I’ve seen. Only once did it fail to get a clean kill. Others either didn’t catch any or left me to figure out how to kill the critter, and most were single-use.

      • UnCivilServant

        Oh, and they were $12 when I bought the six I’ve got.

      • Tulip

        Those are the kind the exterminator I called use

      • The Hyperbole

        Bought a zapper last fall when my traps weren’t working got 5 mice in 6 days. clean kills, no touch disposal, reusuable. worth the 50$.

    • Scruffy Nerfherder

      Is she the lone Cuban Democrat in Florida?

    • Suthenboy

      “I would never wish any harm on anyone.”

      You know how you can tell when a lefty is lying….?

      • LJW

        When they open their mouth?

    • Viking1865

      They hate you, and they want you dead.

  21. DEG

    I like this article. I like Jeff Cooper.

    • Scruffy Nerfherder

      Whitmer is freaky-lookin’, mannequin-like.

    • ron73440

      You got me, but in fairness, that does sound like something she would say.

    • Gender Traitor

      If you want to get involved with the staff writers at The Babylon Bee…

      BeeHarmony.com?

      • Ted S.

        You don’t have to be lonely
        At beekeepersonly.com

        (City folks just don’t get it.)

  22. Q Continuum

    With a trigger job, S&W SD9VE > Glock 19.

    Fight me.

    • R C Dean

      I’m old. I like mechanical watches, internal combustion cars, and guns made out of steel.

  23. Mojeaux

    I spy with my little eye a daycare that is open.

  24. Mojeaux

    Thank you, Animal. That first quote hit me in the gut and is going in my sayings/affirmation notebook.

    • R C Dean

      The last quote is going out in my next weekly update to my colleagues, too many of whom are still guzzling from the DemOp Media firehose of anti-Trump Commie Cough spin.

      • Mojeaux

        I am not wise and have embraced this. I just get my news from you people.

      • R C Dean

        I attribute my quotes, BTW. It will be interesting to see who either recognizes or Googles the good Colonel, and what reactions I might get. I suspect our CMO will recognize the name, but he might be the only one.

      • kbolino

        Chief Money Officer is a little too on the nose, don’t you think?

    • ron73440

      3 president’s in a row have passed massive stimulus bills.

      Everyone was “unprecedented” “we have to pass this now, we’ll worry about the details later”

      How much longer can the circus keep the big top up with rusted tent poles?

      • Mojeaux

        I am now convinced indefinitely.

      • R C Dean

        *checks life expectancy tables*

        I’m hoping the tent poles hang on for another 35 years.

      • ron73440

        I’m hoping the tent poles hang on for another 35 years..

        #metoo, but I’m surprised that there is no sign of people realizing their money is worth crap and it’s not getting better.

        And Mojeaux, I hope you’re right.

    • Chipwooder

      “Last week, Marcus Anwar had an offer he never thought he would refuse: “Do you want to have sex?” his girlfriend asked.

      Mr. Anwar said no.

      I had been watching the news and I had too much on my mind,” says the Toronto-based 30-year-old founder of a classified-advertising website. “I was worrying about a recession, about my elderly parents, about whether I would accidentally make my girlfriend sick.”

      This is pathetic.

      • grrizzly

        These idiots don’t understand that the coronavirus presents no danger to the people in their 20s or 30s. Also it wasn’t clear in the article that they don’t live together. I think other people cited do live together and they are still afraid of having sex.

  25. Suthenboy

    Trying to catch up and see the talk about chamberings.

    I have done countless real-life comparisons and looked at the numbers for years. Looking at flat shooting, hard hitting, velocity and controllability:

    10mm auto > 45acp > 38 super > 9mm Luger

    Those ‘greater than’s are marginal.

    • Q Continuum

      I’d prefer to not get shot with any of them.

      • Plinker762

        A .22 looks pretty fucking big when you are staring down the muzzle

      • ron73440

        I’m trying to talk my wife into carrying a .22 since she is scared to shoot a 9mm enough to become proficient.

        She says it’s too small to be useful, and I’ve told her “no one will volunteer to get shot with it.

      • Suthenboy

        Dont underestimate 22lr. It is a very effective round. It gives decent penetration and the bullets are soft and expand to twice their diameter. They will break bones. Most 22lr bullets are swaged from lead powder and many of them will fragment a lot.

        22lr punches waaaaay above its weight. Get your wife a 22.

      • ron73440

        I’m not the reason she doesn’t have one right now.

        The only .22lr we have is my Grandad’s 9 round High Standard revolver with the looong barrel.

      • Suthenboy

        Too late for the Easter Bunny but Santa says S&W makes a J-frame, 2″ barrel 22lr with 8 shots. Double action with a hammer shroud.

      • ron73440

        There was a .22 Browning we rented that she liked real well, but she’s not sure if she wants to carry yet.

      • R C Dean

        I’m sure it could rest comfortably in the gun safe while she ponders her decision.

      • ron73440

        I’m sure it could rest comfortably in the gun safe while she ponders her decision.

        This is not a bad idea.

      • Suthenboy

        Browning? Those are all autos, right? The Buckmark and the 1911-22. They are carry-able but kinda large. I have more confidence in a woman being able to operate a DA revolver under stress.
        For SD I got my wife one of these: https://www.smith-wesson.com/firearms/model-43-c

        It isn’t a target pistol but for SD if you can hit a man-sized target at ten feet you are good. Yank out your snag free lightweight pistol from your purse and shoot from hip-high, pistol centered on your body and tucked close. I had her practice 1-2-3 shots rapidly. She got quite good in less than an hour.

      • ron73440

        It was the Buckmark, but we are still in the early stages, it took forever to get her to even shoot, but from what that range had that was her favorite.

      • R C Dean

        Also, probably gives your defense attorney some good rebuttals to a prosecutor slinging bullshit that your choice of a weapon somehow undermines you claim of self defense (I honestly can’t grasp the logic of that one, but apparently its used).

    • R C Dean

      Saw a workup awhile ago making the case (hah!) that 9mm terminal ballistics have improved to the point that the difference with .45 has gotten pretty darn marginal, indeed.

      • Suthenboy

        I’ll buy that.

        I have a Saeco mold for 147 grain cast bullets with flat noses that is frighteningly effective in 9mm Luger.

        I have loaded those same bullets in .357 magnum up as hot as I could get them and they perform almost like a rifle. I think I used Winchester 296 which is a ball powder (now discontinued). Good God that makes one hell of a fireball but the velocity was right around 1900 fps which is really about the maximum velocity for cast bullets. That is comfortably within acceptable deer hunting power.

        Standard 850fps 45acp seems wimpy next to that.

      • Suthenboy

        I’ll buy that.

        I have a Saeco mold for 147 grain cast bullets with flat noses that is frighteningly effective in 9mm Luger.

        I have loaded those same bullets in .357 magnum up as hot as I could get them and they perform almost like a rifle. I think I used Winchester 296 which is a ball powder (now discontinued). Good God that makes one hell of a fireball but the velocity was right around 1900 fps which is really about the maximum velocity for cast bullets. That is comfortably within acceptable deer hunting power.

        Standard 850fps 45acp seems wimpy next to that.

  26. Chipwooder

    Coonman talking out of his ass again, claiming “the curve is still going up”. Lying sack of shit.

    • Viking1865

      Yeah its been 3rd day straight of new cases dropping. Hes such a piece of shit, I cannot believe they found someone worse than McAuliffe.

      • ron73440

        Hes such a piece of shit, I cannot believe they found someone worse than McAuliffe.

        I love where I live, but if nothing changes, I’ll be leaving VA.

    • R C Dean

      Haven’t really vetted them, but I’ve seen some interesting claims about the changes wrought by the Spanish Flu:

      It was a motivator for suburban residential areas, on the theory that crowded cities are more likely to have problems with infectious diseases.

      It created a cleanliness “fetish”, especially around household cleanliness.

      It laid the groundwork for disposable eating utensils, cups, plates, etc.

      • Tres Cool

        Once when I was listening to Car Talk on pubic radio, the guys had a theory about ‘suburban sprawl’ (it was the lefty complaint du jour at the time). They postulated that suburbs were the direct responsibility of the Japanese sending reliable cars here, cause at the time no American car was reliable enough to give you a 30-mile commute reliably 5 days a week, so everyone had to live close to work.

        Still makes me smile.

      • ron73440

        Car Talk

        That was the only NPR show I ever listened to by choice.

        Click and Clack, the Tappet Brothers.

      • Chipwooder

        Wardrobe by Natalie Attired!

      • Plinker762

        People were driving Japanese cars to Levittown?

      • Gustave Lytton

        Both are a little late for the development of suburbs. Interurbans, street cars, nd trolleys (the light rail of their day) were used to connect tract developments from the 1890’s.

      • robc

        What isnt too far off is that for all of human history people have wanted to live within a 30 minute commute of work (average: some people put up with more, others with less).

        For walking, that puts about a 2 mile limit. Horses extend it, cars extend it more.

      • R C Dean

        I think it was Top Gear that demonstrated that that travel speed across London is the same now as it was in the horse and buggy days.

    • Chipwooder

      Hah…..I remember reading that guy’s stuff 6 or 7 years ago and wonder who was putting stock into his bullshit.

    • Mojeaux

      $1,860 in rent each month for her share of an apartment with two roommates

      ?

      • Chipwooder

        She pays 56% more in rent than my mortgage so she can have two other roommates in an apartment that’s probably maybe 500 sf

      • R C Dean

        And she doesn’t answer the question that is on everybody’s mind:

        Are her roommates hot?

      • blackjack

        come and knock on my door…

      • Viking1865

        Sometimes I see people on line lamenting the decline in the American standard of living, and especially how Them Boomers have somehow Stolen All the Opportunity.

        The people writing that are these morons who are paying 1860 bucks per month to share an apartment. That would pay every bill my wife and I have, combined.

      • Suthenboy

        Jeebus.

        Yeah, same here and we live in 2200 Sq ft and 11 acres on the water. I can shoot my rifle off of my back porch while stark naked and no one will call the police.

      • Sensei

        Hey in the people’s republic of NJ my property taxes are $1,300 a month.

        For a tiny old house on 100×50 lot.

      • Suthenboy

        At least you know it goes to a good cause.

      • Suthenboy

        As I said, 11 acres, complete privacy, a nice 2200sqft brick house, hunting, fishing in my yard and I pay $1200/year in property taxes.

        Recently I got a check from the parish for jury duty. I took it back to the police jury office. They wanted to know why.

        “Louisiana has the lowest property taxes in the country. I want to keep it that way.”

      • Chipwooder

        My grandfather’s old house on Long Island is very similar to mine – a Cape Cod around 1400 sf. His was also 30 years older.

        The property taxes on that place are almost as much as my mortgage.

    • R C Dean

      Living in a city became a way to encourage health. People could walk where they needed to go and support one another in tight-knit social networks.

      The things people believe just never cease to amaze.

      • Suthenboy

        *facepalm*

        When I heard the ‘order’ to stay home and not mix with other people my response was “Oh no! Please dont throw me in the briar patch! Anything but that!”

    • R C Dean

      Even he can’t shake The Narrative.

      In a time of so much death it is appropriate to mourn those we have lost.

      Err, bro, the excess deaths from this thing are probably going to be in the low five digits. If this wasn’t a new bug that we are paying attention to, then nobody would even notice we have a “pandemic”, outside of New York, at least

      • Breet Pharara

        There does seem to be reasonably strong anecdotal evidence that this thing already ran through California and all you got were a couple of back page stories about how this flu season was a bit rougher than normal.

      • Ownbestenemy

        Nevada is low at 160ish….more people probably disappeared in the big empty than that…

    • Gender Traitor

      Read my lips! No “new normal”!!!

  27. The Late P Brooks

    Living in a city became a way to encourage health. People could walk where they needed to go and support one another in tight-knit social networks.

    The things people believe just never cease to amaze.

    *outright, prolonged laughter*

    • R C Dean

      I know. Pay no attention to the air quality, the proverbial “loneliness of crowds”, or the place of small towns at the top of the “tight-knit social network” hill.