Kamala Harris received about 7 million fewer votes in 2024 than Joe Biden in 2020. So where did they go? Here we take a state-by-state look at who gained votes and who lost votes in 2024 compared to 2020. As we will see, states that were more competitive generally had better turnout, and the “missing” votes were from the less competitive states.
First, the following table shows the seven states that were the most competitive as measured by the percentage difference between Trump and Harris in 2024. A positive number indicates a state Trump won; a negative denotes a Harris win. The two columns on the right are the percentage change in number of votes from 2020 to 2024 for Trump and Harris, respectively.
State | Closeness | Trump change | Harris vs Biden change |
WI | 0.86% | 5.40% | 2.33% |
MI | 1.44% | 6.30% | -2.39% |
PA | 1.75% | 4.88% | -1.07% |
GA | 2.21% | 8.16% | 2.99% |
NH | -2.70% | 8.20% | -1.65% |
NV | 3.16% | 11.94% | 0.14% |
NC | 3.26% | 5.04% | 1.15% |
All 7 | 1.91% | 6.25% | 0.23% |
Note: Percentages you see here may be different from other sources; I did not include votes for third-party candidates and some states may have not yet reported their final count when this was written.
These seven states include six of the seven that were thought to be the top battleground states, plus New Hampshire, where Trump improved significantly from 2020 even though he still lost. Clearly, Harris did not lose votes overall in these seven states compared to Biden. She even made modest gains in Wisconsin, Georgia, and North Carolina. On the other hand, Trump gained roughly 5% or more in each state; his gains were not at the expense of Harris. The increase in total votes could be due to a larger population and increased interest since these states were thought to be very close.
Next, we list the same stats for the remaining 43 states plus the District of Columbia, except for Mississippi, which did not have 99% of the vote reported as of this writing.
State | Closeness | Trump change | Harris vs Biden change |
MN | -4.35% | 2.36% | -3.49% |
AZ | 5.58% | 6.50% | -5.32% |
VA | -5.90% | 5.76% | -3.27% |
NJ | -6.00% | 4.46% | -14.95% |
NM | -6.01% | 4.98% | -5.18% |
ME | -6.95% | 3.88% | -0.92% |
IL | -11.11% | -0.08% | -11.98% |
CO | -11.30% | 0.88% | -4.21% |
OH | 11.46% | -1.20% | -7.58% |
NY | -11.71% | 6.61% | -16.36% |
FL | 13.22% | 7.78% | -11.59% |
IA | 13.46% | 3.23% | -6.85% |
TX | 14.03% | 8.23% | -8.61% |
RI | -14.23% | 7.00% | -7.17% |
AK | 14.38% | -7.89% | -14.94% |
CT | -14.71% | 3.36% | -8.05% |
OR | -14.87% | -5.01% | -8.36% |
DE | -15.08% | 6.47% | -2.03% |
KS | 16.48% | -3.76% | -6.67% |
SC | 18.15% | 7.15% | -5.86% |
MO | 18.70% | 1.16% | -4.95% |
WA | -18.98% | -3.72% | -5.44% |
IN | 19.26% | -1.04% | -6.68% |
MT | 20.55% | 2.33% | -5.31% |
NE | 20.90% | 1.26% | -1.60% |
CA | -21.06% | -0.30% | -17.34% |
UT | 22.18% | 2.20% | -2.93% |
LA | 22.37% | -3.74% | -10.40% |
HI | -23.47% | -1.52% | -14.48% |
MA | -25.31% | 5.83% | -13.01% |
MD | -28.56% | 4.20% | -7.81% |
SD | 29.83% | 4.21% | -2.00% |
TN | 30.11% | 6.05% | -7.78% |
AL | 30.94% | 1.18% | -9.53% |
KY | 31.17% | 0.68% | -9.20% |
AR | 31.43% | -0.26% | -6.60% |
VT | -32.96% | 5.31% | -2.88% |
OK | 34.90% | 1.57% | -0.79% |
ID | 37.50% | 9.21% | -4.18% |
ND | 37.60% | 4.66% | -2.61% |
WV | 42.78% | -2.02% | -9.32% |
WY | 46.77% | -0.52% | -5.41% |
DC | -86.67% | 10.53% | -7.26% |
All 43 | 1.38% | 3.04% | -10.31% |
A clarifying comment: the difference between the Trump and Harris gain columns is not the percentage gain of Trump versus Harris in that state since the former uses a denominator of one candidate’s votes, but the latter a denominator including both. For example, in Florida, the Trump gain of 7.8% and Harris loss of 11.6% does not mean the Trump/Harris difference changed by over 19% from 2020 to 2024. It was roughly half that, i.e., Trump won Florida by 3.4% in 2020 and 13.2% in 2024.
In Arizona, the seventh so-called battleground state, Trump’s gain came mostly at the expense of Harris. Likewise for some of the other closer states: Minnesota, Virginia, and New Mexico. However, in many of the other states that were not as competitive, Harris lost votes that were not picked up by Trump. Especially in New Jersey, Illinois, New York, California, and Hawaii, Harris lost 10% or more than Trump gained. In fact, the first three of those states were remarkably close considering they are generally very liberal.
There were also a number of states handily won by Trump where he had only a small gain or loss compared to 2020, but Harris had a significant drop compared to Biden: Missouri, Indiana, Alabama, Kentucky, Arkansas, West Virginia, and Wyoming. And in some states both lost significant votes from 2020: Alaska, Oregon, Kansas, Washington, and Louisiana, some won by Trump, some by Harris; one reason in these states might be because all, except for Washington, did not have a senatorial race in 2024.
The bottom line is that the loss of Harris votes compared to Biden occurred in the less competitive states, which would make sense if the result was not in doubt and the Democratic candidate was — how should we say it? — less than inspiring. The loss of votes was especially severe in higher-population, liberal states like California, New York, Illinois, and New Jersey. But Harris also lost votes in non-competitive states that leaned Republican, which again could be due to her mediocre campaign and messaging.
The bottom line is that the loss of Harris votes compared to Biden occurred in the less competitive states, which would make sense if the result was not in doubt and the Democratic candidate was — how should we say it? — less than inspiring.
Why am I not surprised?
Would also like to see total registered voters, total population/eligible voter population.
Nielsen surveys are fun the first time it shows up in your mailbox.
Interesting about the drop in Oregon because it’s not competitive really (either 2020 or 2024) and has been exclusively vote by mail for 20+ years.
The switch to RCV shit show for local elections in the largest city may have dampened turnout there somewhat.
except for Mississippi, which did not have 99% of the vote reported as of this writing.
Realclearpolitics has Mississippi at 100% counted now.
I eyeballed the difference in numbers between 2024 and 2020. Trump had a slight loss for 2024 from his 2020 results. Harris had a big loss for 2024 from what Biden did in 2020.
I wrote the article a week ago or so.
And none of the usual suspects noticed so they could call Mississippi out for cheating? Mississippi probably feels left out.
On a serious note, thanks for putting this together. I thought about going through the state by state totals but never had the time.
Agree with DEG. I tried to get a vote total comparison between 2020 and 2024, but every goddamn site did percentages only, and I didn’t feel like manually doing a 50-state count.
GOP/Trump failure was in House and Senate races. Only one “not in the bag” Senate seat picked up and zero House seats.
Trump coattails very short and one or two media-magnified “failures” in 2025-2026 will likely cost the GOP the House for the last two years of Trump’s term. Got to make some hay while the sun shines.
Step 1 – Implement election integrity Nationwide. Flush out as much of the fraud as can be done.
The numbers are meaningless until we can be sure they are real.
Not sure that’s possible considering elections are (rightly) run by states and not the federal government. If you want election integrity, you need to get on your state legislatures/governors to do their job. It also means that states like CA are lost until they decide they want change, which seems unlikely. The makeup of Congress is meaningless.
Congress can override the states on Congressional elections.:
The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators.
Emphasis mine.
So Congress could impose some rules for Congressional elections related to election integrity if it wanted.
Anything more at the Federal level would take a Constitutional amendment.
Nice catch.
I wonder if some federal law to the effect of “All votes in federal elections must be fully counted with X hours/days of the time of polls closing in each state. Any votes not counted by the deadline will not be accepted” would be legal.
Agreed. Historically the incumbent party loses in the midterms, and the Dems have plenty of dirty tricks they can play.
Having a tough time believing the results of any of those races that were called a week to a month after the election.
Anything more than midnight local time and I doubt the accuracy of the reported numbers.
Apparently Tay-Lo has gone full commie and has suggested the next CEO that should be killed.
I hadn’t considered this to be a political killing, but that crowd seems to be recognizing one of their own.
Today my wife saw some of her friends and teammates on FB posted about the guy, how he deserved it and they have no sympathy for him. These are people she knows, and she finds this disturbing. We both agreed, the guy may or may not have been a complete scum bag, but he was a human being who had relatives and friends.
I know nothing about the man, so I have no strong emotions. CEO of GreedCo isn’t a death penalty offence in my book.
I agree with you, Kev. This is just classless and wrong.
I’m starting to think it’s time for a Leverage rewatch…
Maybe. Up at that level, with that kind of money and influence, it’s honestly impossible that he hasn’t given someone out there a legitimate grudge.
No one here is the judge of who deserves to live or die. That’s the job of the AI algorithm the insurance company designed to maximize profits on your health and no one else.
When the name she dropped catches a bullet, does Taylor go to jail for accessory before the fact? Who knows? Might make a good episode of Law and Order…
Funny you should say that, the people behind the desk at Mrs. Whiz’s PT this morning were saying that they felt like they were in an episode of Law and Order.
Taylor Lorenz seems committed to this particular grift.
I wonder if she has any self-awareness at all.
I’d bet this scenario has been done by Lei e Ordem.
Amazing after she did interviews playing the victim and bawling her eyes out because LibsOfTikTok shared video of her harassing her family in the process of doxing her.
I suggested this in the morning thread. I’m getting politically motivated vigilante rather than personal vendetta. Could be wrong, we’ll see.
So long as it advances ‘universal’ healthcare! Not noting it will be politicians then next on the ‘killing’ chopping block.
*NSA Handler: I learned it from her!
If in 1200, some Italian peasants lynched a couple of merchants who ripped them off, we’d just shrug. Might be just that simple given how much people pay for “health insurance” and how little they receive.
I agree in general principle. But we cannot ignore that the product this dude sold is highly regulated and price controlled in ways that ye shitbag merchant was not. Insurance guy might be a shitbag too, but he’s just the dealer. The cards were given to him by someone else.
Sure – but not as if UHC and others in the industry don’t lobby Congress to keep their gravy train rolling.
Thanks, whiz. I appreciate your analysis. I’m still baffled that they ran wine-mom. Someday I hope we find out what really happened behind the scenes.
This appears to be the death rattle of the Obama political machine. 2028 will be a free for all – but the concern there is that may sharpen and toughen up whoever wins.
I agree. All dynasties must come to an end, and this is the end of Obama’s. Their credibility is completely shot. Even those Democrats not of the Obama wing will have a hard time shaking things in their favor.
Yep, I think that’s exactly right. It will be interesting to see the types of candidates that emerge.The game has clearly changed and the old days of being able to hide retardation are over.
*tosses on industrial tin-foil armor*
The first assassination attempt was staged!
Okay back to reality. I think it was just the alignment of so many missteps and power struggles within the DNC.
Biden/Pelosi wing rigged the actual primaries for Biden.
Obama/Harris wing thought they had momentum and hoped there was enough white guilt left over from 2008/2012
DNC really thought that they had the cultural war in the bag and TikTok proved it! Gen Z is Gay! Its the rise of the woman state! *just don’t ask us to define woman*
I think we’ll see the jockeying to be the face of the party start in earnest just before the 2026 campaigns start going.
Obama was always used to getting his way. From “Uh, I won” to freshmen congresscritters losing their jobs over Obamacare. He’s no longer getting his way, so his time is over.
Pelosi’s machine is in good working order. She will push her Brillo-Creme relative so hard even people used to her bullshit ways will start gagging on it.
The rumor mill says Obama and Pelosi wanted an open primary with choice between several candidates – Newsome, Whitmer, etc.
Joe got revenge by immediately endorsing Harris.
https://youtu.be/yYSkg9FyhPg?t=228&si=dceEL1_woxlZNIp_
Ze Frank with a great line
“I’d be chalant. I’d be very fsking chalant”
Ze Frank is a gem and treasure. He should be nominated to be the nation’s poet laureate
I believe in “One Person, One Vote:” You get one vote to apply to any race on your ballot. Not one vote per race. One vote.
If a person is qualified to vote at all, they should vote on all. I just don’t think people should vote that aren’t qualified (and by that I mean there are good reasons for them to cast a ballot, not just that they have the right partisan registration).
Vigilantism arises where the rule of law has failed.
The four boxes aren’t just for civil rights anymore!
But what do we do with the three shells?
*slow clap* well done db, well done.
Write “deny”, “defend” and “depose” on them?
Talking their book
Two executive protection consultants say they were surprised UnitedHealthcare CEO Brian Thompson didn’t appear to have a bodyguard when he was shot and killed walking into a hotel in midtown Manhattan Wednesday — though one said it likely wouldn’t have saved his life.
——-
Brittney Blair, who specializes in consulting executives about their personal security for the risk management firm K2 Integrity, said she was “floored, honestly,” that Thompson did not appear to have a bodyguard.
“I’ve seen a lot of CEOs and high-profile business leaders who sometimes feel that corporate security is maybe a little bit overboard,” she said. “They feel — I don’t want to say untouchable, but they maybe underestimate how much of a public figure they are.”
Embrace your inner drama queen.
More like this is a great chance for Brittney Blair to advertise her services to scared CEO’s across the globe.
You meet interesting people at gun skool. One person I met, years back, was a retired SF guy who spent several years heading up the security and business continuity department at a *large* European bank. Staff in the low four figures. These guys were running their C-suite around with almost president/head of state level security – multiple armored cars, advance teams with counter-surveillance, RF monitoring and jamming, the whole thing you’d expect from a place that had the Rote Armie Faktion and Action-Directe running around.
He said that even then, the execs would sometimes say, “Ahh, you’re being paranoid…” and sneak off by themselves.
One of my ex neighbors ran security for a giant Minnesota-based food company. His biggest challenge was security in many sketchy third world countries. He said the same thing about their guys. Constantly downplaying the risk and doing stupid shit.
The gift that keeps on giving
“Interesting to me that you mentioned precedent, because some of these questions about sort of who decides and the concerns and legislative prerogatives, etc., sound very familiar to me,” Jackson said. “They sound in the same kinds of arguments that were made back in the day—50s, 60s—with respect to racial classifications and inconsistencies. I’m thinking in particular about Loving v. Virginia, and I’m wondering whether you thought about the parallels, because I see one as to how this statute operates and how the anti-miscegenation statutes in Virginia operated.”
Jackson also said there was a “potential comparison” between the Loving case and Skrmetti and wondered if Virginina could have banned interracial marriage by following Tennessee’s reasoning.
——-
“How can someone who doesn’t know what a woman is rule on a case involving gender?” one commentator posted, referring to Jackson’s confirmation hearing when she was asked to define what a woman is and wasn’t able to.
Joe Biden’s legacy.
I think we’ll see the jockeying to be the face of the party start in earnest just before the 2026 campaigns start going.
Is there anybody on the “Democrat bench” who could be considered a serious mainstream thinker?
If there is, I certainly am not aware of them.
There is a lot of new blood in the stupid party – particularly the PayPal Mafia, as some call them. It will change what candidates are on offer, particularly if the rage carries into midterms and the old guard is primaried.
The evil party needs a similar rebuild and rebrand. Since all the good ones have already been poached, their bench is looking a little weak.
They can thank the Obama machine for that. He was a horrible drag on the party when he was sitting atop it.
Check out the comments!
https://x.com/BarackObama/status/1864744053704724940
no can read comments
,blockquote>please go away already .. divider in chief
Look who climbed out of the closet… You havent fled the country yet?
Fu*k off !!! We don’t want to coexist with pedophiles
Oh great, Obama lecturing on “strengthening democracy” while his party weaponizes government agencies and censors dissent. Maybe focus on fixing the mess you left behind instead of hosting globalist echo chambers
These were the nice ones.
Thank you Tundra
Don’t need a thinker, just someone to get people to pull levers for their name beyond the baked in numbers.
I think it will take shape after Feb next year when the DNC votes for their leadership. That will give a good indication of where the power base lands after the vacuum of Obama and Pelosi wings implosion.
There is nobody right now. However, remember that Obama came out of nowhere and rose up the ranks pretty quickly. There is an opening for that to happen again.
AOC is too far up her own ass. Whitmer is Harris, just white. Bootyjuice doesn’t have national flair. Newsome is too fake. Shapiro’s chances are dependent on Israel/Hamas. Beshear is only tolerated in KY because he is neutered.
Don’t underestimate Shapiro. He will cruise to reelection in 2026 and will have a real case to appeal to all those who believe in “bipartisan” cooperation and legislation.
Walz 2028!
Or we could read some actual Democrat thoughts on the subject…
https://www.liberalpatriot.com/p/the-blue-dog-blueprint
Well this sucks. Pandora has quit working on my roku. I even tried removing and re-installing it.
Oh my! Let me research that. You might could side load an app.
I did some quick research, it is probably another glitch like the one a year ago. Report it so it gets fixed. No doubt a lot of other people reported it too.
Earthquake and tsunami in Cali.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzMlCj0hf4M&ab_channel=CBSNews
I wonder if Ukraine needs any more money.
https://x.com/Breaking911/status/1864745813379051690
7.0 is nothing to sneeze at. 30mi off the coast and only 6km deep.
Evacuating in San Fran right now. They evacuated the zoo, too.
https://x.com/rawsalerts/status/1864758521968853276
West Berkley now.
https://x.com/degenlifer/status/1864758679834071339
Actual LOL.
Thanks, Sean!
Meh sudo-nami.
Don’t need a thinker, just someone to get people to pull levers for their name beyond the baked in numbers.
Based on the falloff in voter turnout, I want to believe a lot of Democrats, and the sort of “independents” who would rather be boiled in oil than vote for a Republican, are fed up with the party’s shameless pandering to the lunatic fringe.
I am sure that is what the Dems were saying just a few months ago. No way the Repubs will go with the lunatic fringe (in which they view much of ‘MAGA’)
I’m at the beach and have no internet. Anything I should be aware of other than the score of the Cal game?
Nothing going on, Mr. President. Enjoy your vacation. Someone will handle the Ukraine war for you.
Apparently you’re about to be tsunami’d
I checked some webcams up the coast where the waves would have hit already. Everything looks normal. I didn’t feel the quake, but our chandelier was swinging pretty good.
Tsunami warning cancelled.
If you see the water recede from the beach… run.
If you see the water recede from the beach, it’s too fucking late to run.
https://abcnews.go.com/US/police-piece-unitedhealthcare-ceo-shooting-suspects-escape-route/story?id=116475329
Photo of a person of interest in the shooting yesterday.
Different jacket, different backpack.
Nice try NYPD. Finding a skinny white guy in Manhattan with his hood up is quite the detective work.
I thought something was off there. Unless somehow the light of the area is bouncing off a different color in the stills…seems like they are barking up the wrong tree. Lets see if NYPD holds out restraint when they bust into that kids apartment at 2am
Yeah. I don’t get it.
*shrug*
The gun they say he used:
https://bt-usa.com/products/station-six-9/
Seriously?
A $2k pistol?
Designed to be suppressed and still malfunctioned?
FBI handlers probably should have lubed it before passing it along.
It’s manually cycled. I don’t think it malfunctioned.
Bolt action would make it extra quiet with subsonic ammo. Not sure why it would be need on a NY sidewalk.
Ian McCollum says that’s not it.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/POubd0SoCQ8
I’m sold. It was the Feds who said it was a BT
No chance it’s a B&T. You can see the slide trying to cycle in the video, and the B&T doesn’t have a slide.
I had no idea there were youth hostels in Manhattan.
Not to contradict Gun JC and our own EvilSheldon, but…
https://www.wtnh.com/news/connecticut/weapon-of-the-same-type-to-one-used-in-ceo-shooting-was-purchased-in-ct-sources/
I’m at the beach and have no internet. Anything I should be aware of other than the score of the Cal game?
Surf’s up.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2s4slliAtQU&ab_channel=ThePANOS77
Ever read ‘Lucifer’s Hammer’s?
Yeah I did. I remember the scene where the surfer bum rode the ultimate wave straight into a building. And the San Joaquin Sea.
Shawn Willsey is live:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixmgd8xyPtM&ab_channel=ShawnWillsey
This guy is the best.
West Berkley now.
Perfect. Get everybody trapped in their cars right on the beach.
A long time ago in a ghetto 15 miles away in a public elementary school, we were taught about situational ethics. Now, amongst the right, “situational ethics” is Bad with a capital B. I’m not sure what “situational ethics” is to the left versus to the right, but…
I’ve unwisely jumped into a discussion of whether Robinhood was justified/morally correct because he STOLE. Stealing is a sin. But Robinhood stole from the corrupt government to give BACK to the taxpayers who were being ground under its heel. Leaving off “taxation is theft,” because yes, but that’s irrelevant, did Robinhood sin/was he morally wrong?
Then we get into situational ethics. Am I justified in stealing? If so, WHEN am I justified in stealing? Does God (stay with me here, because this is also a theological question) grant allowances or is the Christian concept of grace by sacrifice going to just say, “Yeah, it was stealing but it doesn’t matter because Jesus died on the cross for your sins”?
Those who believe that taxation is theft are, of course, going to say it’s not stealing at all. Okay. But what about those who think “give unto Caesar what is Caesar’s” is the higher law?
I am generally of the opinion that it doesn’t matter. If I think I’m justified, I’m going to do it anyway and take the punishment, either temporal or eternal or both, and not apologize.
Or, you know, maybe I’m just in the weeds counting angels on pinheads.
Thank you for this.
I’m so tired of hearing ignorant people claim that Robin Hood stole from “the Rich” to give to “the Poor”. No, he was explicitly an anti government agent fomenting rebellion against an (in his mind) unjust government.
I’ll stick to doing what I think and believe is right, while avoiding intentional harm to others.
Robin Hood “stealing from the Rich to give to the poor” is a Victorian era trashing of the original Robin Hood stories.
I think the original stories also including some head-butting with Church officials. I don’t remember details.
DEG:
From memory, the local Bishop was corrupt as well, I want to say that he was responsible for bleeding Robin out in at least one of his death tales.
Well, I figured that out in my adolescence because SOMETHING wasn’t right about the story. Highwaymen aren’t usually hailed as folk heroes, so there had to be something else going on. I never heard ANYONE say anything different from “steal from the rich, give to the poor.”
I was in my mid-twenties I think before I heard someone say it like that and then it made sense. Maybe Limbaugh? I don’t know. Then I saw in Atlas Shrugged, where Ragnar said, “Until men learn that of all human symbols, Robin Hood is the most immoral and the most contemptible, there will be no justice on earth and no way for mankind to survive,” I was like, WTF is up with that? Of ALL people to understand the Robinhood myth, it should be Rand. Oh, she means that the myth is understood to be “steals from the rich, gives to the poor,” which is an incorrect reading of the story.
But then also, Ragnar does the same. Robs from the looters and returns to the producers. So he says, “What I actually am, Mr. Rearden, is a policeman. It is a policeman’s duty to protect men from criminals–criminals being those who seize wealth by force. But when robbery becomes the purpose of the law, then it is an outlaw who has to become a policeman.”
“…depends on whether Robin Hood is a champion of corrective justice–defending the property rights of the poor–or distributive justice–helping the poor based on their “needs”.”
Along those lines, I see the Jesus was a “brown-skinned immigrant reappearing on social media.” Well half right I guess.
He was a Jew. I’m not sure why it matters what color he was, except … Jews aren’t generally dark, are they?
From memory, the local Bishop was corrupt as well, I want to say that he was responsible for bleeding Robin out in at least one of his death tales.
Yes. That’s the one I’m thinking of.
@ Mojeaux: I think the “argument” being made here is, “you crazy MAGA people want to throw out brown-skinned immigrants but the God you worship was a brown-skinned immigrant.” It’s a dumb argument and historically inaccurate.
On what basis is Jesus claimed to be an immigrant? His parents had to go to Bethlehem for a Roman census, if memory serves. Not to mention, he was born there, and grew up in Nazareth, which isn’t far away.
On what basis is Jesus claimed to be an immigrant? His parents had to go to Bethlehem for a Roman census, if memory serves. Not to mention, he was born there, and grew up in Nazareth, which isn’t far away.
Seriously?
A $2k pistol?
I was expecting a High Point with the number scratched through.
Make it less painful to toss off a bridge.
A Hi Point would probably have functioned just fine, strange though it may seem. Hi Points are straight blowback with a fixed barrel, and as such don’t need a recoil booster in the can.
Is straight blowback pretty rare? In that article you linked yesterday it only mentioned a couple that wouldn’t need the booster.
Thanks, RJ!