Nietzsche and thoughts on suffering

by | Dec 6, 2023 | Musings, Not So Easy Pieces | 55 comments

The third in a sporadic series.  Previously, the intro and the second.

Pulled from The Twilight of the Idols:

The Christian and the Anarchist.—When the anarchist, as the mouthpiece of the decaying strata of society, raises his voice in splendid indignation for “right,” “justice,” “equal rights,” he is only groaning under the burden of his ignorance, which cannot understand why he actually suffers,—what his poverty consists of—the poverty of life. An instinct of causality is active in him: someone must be responsible for his being so ill at ease. His “splendid indignation” alone relieves him somewhat, it is a pleasure for all poor devils to grumble—it gives them a little intoxicating sensation of power. The very act of complaining, the mere fact that one bewails one’s lot, may lend such a charm to life that on that account alone, one is ready to endure it. There is a small dose of revenge in every lamentation. One casts one’s afflictions, and, under certain circumstances, even one’s baseness, in the teeth of those who are different, as if their condition were an injustice, an iniquitous privilege. “Since I am a blackguard you ought to be one too.” It is upon such reasoning that revolutions are based.—To bewail one’s lot is always despicable: it is always the outcome of weakness. Whether one ascribes one’s afflictions to others or to one’s self, it is all the same. The socialist does the former, the Christian, for instance, does the latter. That which is common to both attitudes, or rather that which is equally ignoble in them both, is the fact that somebody must be to blame if one suffers—in short that the sufferer drugs himself with the honey of revenge to allay his anguish. The objects towards which this lust of vengeance, like a lust of pleasure, are directed, are purely accidental causes. In all directions the sufferer finds reasons for cooling his petty passion for revenge. If he is a Christian, I repeat, he finds these reasons in himself. The Christian and the Anarchist—both are decadents. But even when the Christian condemns, slanders, and sullies the world, he is actuated by precisely the same instinct as that which leads the socialistic workman to curse, calumniate and cast dirt at society. The last “Judgment” itself is still the sweetest solace to revenge—revolution, as the socialistic workman expects it, only thought of as a little more remote…. The notion of a “Beyond,” as well—why a Beyond, if it be not a means of splashing mud over a “Here,” over this world? …

First, when he says Anarchist, we can freely substitute any one of those of committed to political revolution, or that is, the intellectual spawn of Rousseau, and of course the devotees of Marx (and all of his derivatives); most of all that glorious caste of morons we know as Social Justice Warriors.  Suffering is just another way to say oppression, and someone else is always to blame for oppressing me (or whatever person, or even better, class of people I am not actually a part of, but that I champion).  The Oppressor is to these people what the Great Satan is to an Islamic fundamentalist (or, just good old Satan for a Baptist).

Consider the contrast with Job, where he knows (with no small amount of pride) that he is righteous before the Lord, and the great offense taken is by Job’s friends who all seek to counsel him on his error – that he cannot be blameless and suffer as he does.  Here this is the projection of the revolutionary, the inverse of the Christian, demanding Job admit his unrighteousness to therefore justify God and His affliction of Job.  Job blames no one for his suffering, not even the God who raised the prospect by engaging in a little heavenly wagering and granting Satan the latitude to inflict on Job whatever he would short of death.  Job doesn’t even blame the devil!  I have to guess that Nietzsche couldn’t bring himself to find something of value in the Bible, even in something as subversive as the Book of Job.  And Job was ultimately vindicated by God, which of course wouldn’t be the lesson Nietzsche would want us to learn – which was not simply to endure but to accept, even embrace the suffering, in order to pass through and beyond it.

Now why does he find fault in the Christian?  Because the Christian, unlike Job, blames himself for his afflictions – after all, what else is sin?  And any decent Christian knows he is riddled with sin, through and through, and that there is no way to escape that.  Sure your sins can be forgiven, but you never transcend the sinfulness (at least not in this life).

In Beyond Good and Evil, Nietzsche writes:

You want, if possible—and there is not a more foolish “if possible”—TO DO AWAY WITH SUFFERING; and we?—it really seems that WE would rather have it increased and made worse than it has ever been! Well-being, as you understand it—is certainly not a goal; it seems to us an END; a condition which at once renders man ludicrous and contemptible—and makes his destruction DESIRABLE! The discipline of suffering, of GREAT suffering—know ye not that it is only THIS discipline that has produced all the elevations of humanity hitherto? The tension of soul in misfortune which communicates to it its energy, its shuddering in view of rack and ruin, its inventiveness and bravery in undergoing, enduring, interpreting, and exploiting misfortune, and whatever depth, mystery, disguise, spirit, artifice, or greatness has been bestowed upon the soul—has it not been bestowed through suffering, through the discipline of great suffering? In man CREATURE and CREATOR are united: in man there is not only matter, shred, excess, clay, mire, folly, chaos; but there is also the creator, the sculptor, the hardness of the hammer, the divinity of the spectator, and the seventh day—do ye understand this contrast? And that YOUR sympathy for the “creature in man” applies to that which has to be fashioned, bruised, forged, stretched, roasted, annealed, refined—to that which must necessarily SUFFER, and IS MEANT to suffer?

Suffering is an essential filter of humanity, if of course it is understood properly; that is not an easy thing.  This is a value not at all consonant with the dominant value structures of Christianity or the revolutionary movement substitutes for Christianity.  Don’t be fooled that Nietzsche was adopting a stoic attitude here – he sees the necessity of suffering and the need to embrace it, as opposed to being indifferent to it.  The stoic wouldn’t say “that which doesn’t kill me makes me stronger”.

Nietzsche knew about suffering; it marked his life, so he wasn’t idly speculating about the suffering of others and what purpose it might serve.  This is as down to the marrow and personal as it is possible to be.  He speaks about the power of convalescence personally in the preface to The Joyful Wisdom [my preference to the alternate title translation of The Gay Science].  The power of the restoration of health, the unexpectedness, the rush of new strength to fill him with fresh perspective – that arises out of overcoming that suffering from injury or illness.

In contrast, he spoke to sickness – most typically in a moral or psychological sense but some of the time as physical – with disdain.  Whereas his youthful suffering he viewed as formative (as in the above quote), he would write more disparagingly toward the chronic or the invalid.  It isn’t difficult to read him as preferring death to his long decline as an invalid.  This he would characterize not as suffering for benefit or growth, but as decay or degeneracy.  In neither case though does he seek to elicit sympathy for the sufferer.  In the former it is inappropriate and in the latter ineffectual.  The weakness in this point is that his biology/physiology wasn’t very well grounded, or perhaps better to say it hasn’t aged well as the field of medical science has improved.  However, when he writes of sickness in the moral/psychological dimension we lose no relevance to the present.

About The Author

juris imprudent

juris imprudent

“He has all the virtues I dislike and none of the vices I admire." --Winston Churchill

55 Comments

  1. CPRM

    Don’t forget Wednesday Zoom! It’s my day off and I’m drinkin’.

    • R.J.

      We have a Wednesday Zoom again? Cool. I’m going to miss it tonight. Working too much and not sleeping. I am going to go sit in the dark and try to sleep.

  2. kinnath

    My brain is mush tonight. I don’t have it in me to read this stuff. I’ll try to get back to it later.

    Puppies

  3. UnCivilServant

    I don’t Philosophize. I leave that to people better trained in rhetoric than I.

  4. Suthenboy

    It is clear that you understand the man far better than I do. I will substitute a critique with this:

    I have a chronic disease. When diagnosed I was told I would only live 5-7 years more and would spend most of it in a wheelchair. That really pissed me the hell off. The fuck you say. I am gonna outlive you (the doc) just to prove it.
    20 years later I am successful. I outlived her and I still live a normalish life. I cut my own grass, cut and split my own firewood. I cook for my wife and now and then my neighbors. I have a very good life.
    My son had ~7K clients. A number of them came to him wanting out of their contracts because they had been diagnosed with the same condition I have. I have already hoed that row so I offered to talk to them and give them pointers. Four of five of them took me up on it. I was very sad at their reactions. 4 of them told me “I cant do it. I am just going to go home and die.”
    Guess what – that is exactly what they did. The one that took what I said to heart? She’s still livin’. The ornery bitch, like me, is too mean to die I guess. Good for her.

    Make of that what you will.

    • juris imprudent

      I’ve barely scratched the surface, and it is my opinion that Nietzsche runs deep, very deep. And in a characteristic we here are rather likely to find endearing – he can piss off just about anyone. That said, does it mean he is necessarily right? Not about everything.

      • Suthenboy

        Not right about everything? I won’t cast the first stone.

  5. Brochettaward

    If they were seconded by man, they can be Firsted by man.

  6. Pat

    Kierkegaard’s conceptualization of religious suffering as distinct from mere misfortune in the context of Christianity might well have benefited Nietzsche’s critique, if he weren’t so stridently oppose to Christianity as a category:

    Esthetically maundering, worldly wisdom or worldly sagacity wants to let suffering have its significance in a finite teleology; through adversities a human being is trained to become something in the finite. Humor comprehends suffering together with existence but revokes the essential meaning of suffering for the existing person. Let us now see if it is possible to revoke suffering by means of an infinite teleology. Suffering itself does indeed have meaning for a person’s eternal happiness—ergo, I must indeed be glad for suffering. Therefore, can an existing person at the same time as he by his suffering expresses his relation to an eternal happiness as the absolute τέλος, can he at the same time, by knowing about the relation, be beyond suffering, since in that case the expression for the essential relation to an eternal happiness is not suffering but joy—not, of course, the direct joy the religious address sometimes wants to make us believe it is and thus to lead us back to a little esthetic, free-and-easy, old-fashioned waltz—no, joy in the consciousness that the suffering signifies the relation.
    Now, let us not proceed to set down on paper: Which is higher?—and, having established that the latter is the higher, perhaps even be finished with it. Instead, let us impress upon ourselves that the question is not asked in abstracto, “Which of these two relations is the higher?” but “Which of them is possible for an existing person?” To be in existence is always somewhat troublesome, and the question is whether this is not another one of its pressures—namely, that the existing person cannot make the dialectical transaction by which suffering is converted into joy. There is no suffering in the eternal happiness, but when an existing person relates himself to it, the relation is quite properly expressed by suffering. If, through his knowing that this suffering indicates the relation, an existing person were able to lift himself above the suffering, he would then also be able to transform himself from an existing into an eternal person, but that he will no doubt leave alone. But if he is unable to do this, he is again in the position of suffering, so that this knowledge must be held fast in the existence-medium. At the same moment, the perfection of joy is frustrated, as it always must be when it must be possessed in an imperfect form. The pain over this is again the essential expression for the relation.
    But one does indeed read in the New Testament that the apostles when they were flogged went away joyful, thanking God that it was granted them to suffer something for the sake of Christ. Entirely correct, and I do not doubt that the apostles had the power of faith to be joyful even in physical pain and to thank God, just as even among pagans we find examples of fortitude, like Scaevola, for instance, who were joyful even in the moment of physical pain. But the suffering spoken of in that passage is not religious suffering, of which there is on the whole very little mention in the New Testament, and if a so-called religious address wants to make us think that everything an apostle suffers is eo ipso religious suffering, this shows only how unclear such an address is about the categories, because this is a counterpart to the assumption that every address in which God’s name appears is a godly address. No, when the individual is secure in his relationship with God and suffers only in the external, this is not religious suffering. That kind of suffering is esthetic-dialectical, similar to misfortune in connection with the immediate—it can come and it can be absent—but no one has a right to deny that a person is religious because he has experienced no misfortune in his life. But being without this kind of misfortune does not mean that he is without suffering if he is indeed religious, because suffering is the expression for the relationship with God, that is, the religious suffering that is the sign of the relationship with God, and of his not having become happy by being exempted from the relation to an absolute τέλος.
    Thus at the same time as the martyr (I shall not say more about an apostle at this point, since his life is paradoxically dialectical, and his situation qualitatively different from that of others, and his existence justified when it is as no one else’s can possibly be) is being martyred, in his joy he may well be beyond the physical suffering. But at the same time as the individual is suffering religiously, he, in his joy over the significance of this suffering as relationship, cannot be beyond the suffering, because the suffering pertains specifically to his being separated from the joy, but it also indicates the relationship, so that to be without suffering indicates that one is not religious. The immediate person is not an essentially existing person, because as immediate he is the happy unity of the finite and the infinite, to which correspond, as was shown, fortune and misfortune as coming from outside. The religious person is turned inward and is aware that he, existing, is in the process of becoming but still relates himself to an eternal happiness. As soon as the suffering terminates and the individual gains security so that he, just like the immediate consciousness, is related only to fortune and misfortune, this is a sign that he is an esthetic individuality who has strayed into the religious sphere, and to confuse the spheres is always easier than to keep them separate. A straying esthete of that kind may be a revivalist or a speculative thinker. A revivalist is absolutely secure in his relationship with God (poor fellow, this security is unfortunately the only sure sign that an existing human being does not relate himself to God) and busies himself only with treating the rest of the world in and with tracts; a speculative thinker has finished on paper and mistakes this for existence.

    Perhaps not coincidentally, Kierkegaard’s life was also marked by misfortune. He reportedly suffered from depression, suffered a broken engagement that deeply affected him for the rest of his life, and died at the age of 42, having barely exceeded the purported prediction by his father that none of his children would outlive him.

  7. Brochettaward

    Wanted to comment further on one thing I didn’t elaborate on fully. Mainly, the aboriginal DNA found in the Amazon.
    1. This DNA is not found in North or Central America
    2. They sha
    3. It is likely it dates back to at least the end of the Pleistocene. Same signal was found in a skeleton that dates back roughly 8000 years ago – it is at least that old.

    Those findings are pretty damning to the notion that ancient people’s couldn’t traverse the oceans. It shows that a separate population entered the Americas and did not do so through any land bridge in Alaska. The simplest answer is they got there by boat. Archaeologists tell you that’s not possible. What the hell are you going to believe – that archaeology is wrong or do you just shrug off the DNA evidence which is as concrete as it gets?

    They can handwave this away all they want. The reality is that the paradigm they have in place doesn’t answer these questions.

    To further address Raven’s argument – there is tremendous risk for any “expert” to adopt these positions. Yea, there’s potential glory. There’s a reason there’s a saying that science advances one death a time. Paradigms are adopted generationally. We are waiting for a lot more of the old timers to die off right now.

    • Brochettaward

      This is also what I believe Suthen was referring to.

      The other explanation is that somehow the aboriginal populations made it up through Asia and Siberia and Alaska and then down the coast of the Americas without leaving any trace of their DNA anywhere else.

      Yea, that’s far more believable than they took a boat.

      • Chafed

        It would be unsurprising to find out there are plenty of things about premodern man we don’t know. This reminds me a little bit of kontiki. We tend to underestimate our forebearers.

      • Not Adahn

        Somedood in a bot = intercontinental trade in exactly the same way as a female skeleton with “male” grave goods = transfolx were revered by ancient civilizations.

    • Gustave Lytton

      Plate tectonics and the Alvarez theory were both dismissed at the time.

    • Not Adahn

      Since you’re bringing this up again,

      The “you’re glossing over this thing” criticism was frankly dishonest. I specifically said I was looking at the categories and specifically critiquing the area in which I had expertise. I do not have expertise in linguistics… and neither do you. And yet, somehow you not only believe sumdood’s pronouncements, you accuse people who are skeptical of sumdood’s pronouncements as being somehow intellectually inferior.

      But I DO have expertise in historical music and (to a lesser extent) metrology and so I can tell you that the conclusions based on that form of argument is somewhere between “dodgy” and “throwing tarot cards into a top hat.” Which means it is completely legitimate for me to assume the rest of sumdood’s conclusions are based on standards of evidence of equivalent rigor. Which is to say, poor.

      Also, sometime, maybe, just maybe actually read whatever the fuck it is you are linking to and think about what’s actually written.

      There’s a reason patent clerks are skeptical of any new submissions regarding perpetual motion machines, ZPE, reactionless drives, room-temperature superconductors, 100mpg carburetors and teleportation devices. And not because they hate science, don’t understand science or are bought off by “them.”

      I do have some exciting investment opportunities for you however.

    • Not Adahn

      Re 1: What. The. Fuck. Does. That. Mean? Seriously.

  8. CPRM

    Apropos of nothing, ‘Eat My Dorito Feet’ really should be a saying.

  9. Yusef drives a Kia

    As Bill said,
    “All we are is dust,
    in the wind”

  10. Beau Knott

    Good morning all!

    As The Byrds knew, Change is Now.

    Share and enjoy!

  11. Tres Cool

    suh fam
    what’s goody

    • Gender Traitor

      Good morning, OBE, homey, Sean, and Beau!

      In other news, I’ve determined that I have the authority to give myself a raise.

      • Gender Traitor

        Good morning, U. How are you today?

      • UnCivilServant

        I’m awake and connected to work, so better than this time yesterday.

        I still don’t know how I overslept then.

      • Ghostpatzer

        I have the authority to give myself a raise.

        Excellent! Now you can keep pace with inflation!

      • Not Adahn

        How many divisions do you have?

      • juris imprudent

        Morning GT

        I’ve determined that I have the authority to give myself a raise.

        Yeah, I believe the legal term for that is embezzlement.

    • Suthenboy

      The very definition of fascism. Fascism is an economic system. What most people complain about are merely symptoms of that system.
      They are going to fix the price of drugs alright. You won’t be able to get them at any price.

      Morning all.

      • Gender Traitor

        Good morning, Suthen! How’s it going?

      • Ghostpatzer

        Mornin ‘, Suthen.

        They are going to fix the price of drugs alright. You won’t be able to get them at any price.

        Kabuki theater. Now that Big Pharma has banked billions on a “vaccine” thanks to government pressure, they will make a big show of helping out the little guy with an empty gesture.

    • The Hyperbole

      Meh, patents are a fiction created and enforced by the government. Live by the grift, die by the grift.

      • Stinky Wizzleteats

        I actually agree with you but a selective disregarding of the codified rules as legally understood is a bad move that will have negative implications and is power seizure by the federal government (which will likely be shot down in the courts BTW). A government entity that can ignore the rules and just kick over the apple cart on a whim is not a good thing

      • Not Adahn

        Government is a fiction created and enforced by violence.

    • juris imprudent

      Well, you might ask why drugs developed with public funds were given patent protection in the first place.

      • Suthenboy

        Yeah. As usual govt involvement has created a shit show.
        Last I heard it takes around 1B dollars to develop a new drug and bring it to market. That 1B is all govt mandates, fees, blah blah blah.
        The whole thing is a tangled mess that is nearly impossible to unravel. Who is responsible for the high cost of some drugs? Govt has as big a role or bigger than the Pharma companies.

      • WTF

        I would also ask wat specifically does “developed with public funds” mean? Did fedgov finance the entire set of research, development, testing, FDA applications and approvals? Or something much less?

  12. Ghostpatzer

    Mornin’, reprobates!

    • Gender Traitor

      Good morning, ‘patzie!

    • R.J.

      Morning.

  13. Not Adahn

    *ahem*

    • UnCivilServant

      Look, it’ll be all right.

  14. Not Adahn

    *tap tap tap*

    • R.J.

      Morning links are still in the skillet.

    • Sean

      >.>

  15. R.J.

    *Rocks back and forth

  16. Nephilium

    I don’t know what you lot are talking about…